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Checkout The Most Up-To-Date Information With Regards To Satellite Mobile Phone Connectivity

April 1st, 2009 | Author: JL

A communication satellite function as an overhead wireless repeater station that provides a microwave communication link between two geographically remote areas. Due to its high altitude, satellite transmissions can cover a vast area more than the surface with the earth. Every satellite phone is equipped with various "transponders" consisting of a transceiver and an antenna tuned to some certain part of the allocated spectrum. The incoming signal is amplified after which rebroadcast on a diverse frequency. Most satellites simply broadcast whatever they receive, and are usually referred to as "bent pipes". These were traditionally employed to support software for example TV broadcasts and voice telephony. In recent times, the use of satellites in packet information transmission has been around the rise. They are normally utilized in WAN networks in which they provide backbone links to geographically dispersed LAN's and MAN's.

Satellite-based telecommunication systems present two important advantages, i.e.

- independence of terrestrial infrastructure and

- global coverage.

Satellite mobile phone connection channels are characterized by:

- Broad Area coverage in the earth's surface.

- Long transmission delays.

- Broadcast transmission.

- Large Channel Bandwidth.

- Transmission expenses independent of Distance.

The received microwave power involved in satellite phone links is generally very tiny (of the order of the couple of 100 picowatts). This indicates that specially created earth stations that keep C/N (carrier to noise ratio) to some minimum are employed to transmit/receive satellite phone communications. The front-end receiver may be the most essential part from the transceiver and is a major element in the overall cost with the satellite Earth Station. It normally employs a big antenna (Gain of a parabolic antenna is proportional towards square of its diameter) and an extremely linear, low noise microwave amplifier (LNA).

Satellite handset links can operate in various frequency bands and use separate carrier frequencies for the up-link and down-link. The use of C bands was most typical in 1st generation Satellite phone systems. Nonetheless this band is already crowded as terrestrial microwave links also use these frequencies. The present trend is toward the higher frequencies of Ku and Ka bands. Attenuation due to rain is a significant problem in both of these bands. Also due for the higher frequencies, microwave equipment is still very expensive, particularly in the Ka band.

Contemporary Satellites are often ready with numerous transponders. The location from the earth's surface covered by a satellite's transmission beam is referred to as the "footprint" in the satellite phone transponders. The up-link is an extremely directional, point to stage link utilizing a higher gain dish antenna at the ground station. The down-link can have a significant footprint providing coverage for considerable region or perhaps a "spot beam" could be used to focus substantial power on the small area thus requiring cheaper and smaller ground stations. Moreover, some satellites can dynamically redirect their beams and thus transform their coverage location.

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